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- Afghanistan
- Australia
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- South Africa
- Tanzania
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Facts and figures 
Recent studies show:
- Indigenous Australians have a life expectancy that is around 10 years less than that of other Australians - 67 years for Indigenous males and 73 years for Indigenous females, compared to 77 years for other Australian males and 82 years for other Australian females. The Northern Territory has the lowest life expectancy of Indigenous Australians at 61.5 years for men and 69.2 years for women.
- The mortality rate of Indigenous infants is three times the rate of non-Indigenous infants.
- Indigenous people suffer high rates of nutrition and diet related chronic disease. Indigenous Australians aged 35-54 years are between 23 to 37 times more likely to die from type 2 diabetes than non-Indigenous Australians in the same age group.
- More than a third of Indigenous homes in the Northern Territory are over-crowded, putting people at greater risk of infectious diseases and other physical and mental health problems.
- In some remote Indigenous communities and schools, up to 60% of children suffer from trachoma, an infectious eye disease that causes blindness if left untreated.
- Benchmark testing in schools found that only a third of Indigenous children living in very remote communities can read at the accepted minimum standard.
- Chronic suppuritive otitis media (CSOM), a serious middle ear infection that causes permanent hearing loss, affects up to 40% of young children in Indigenous communities living in remote parts of Australia.The World Health Organisation considers Australian Indigenous people as a 'special high risk group' for CSOM.
Sources:
Experimental Life Tables for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2005-2007, 3302.0.55.003, Australian Bureau of Statistics, May, 2009
The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (cat no. 4704.0), Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2008
Making Progress, The health, development and wellbeing of Australia's children and young people. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2008
Guidelines for the public health management of trachoma in Australia, Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, 2006
Chronic suppurative otitis media: burden of Illness and management options, World Health Organization (2004) pg 18
